Grant: Operating Grant

Epithelia, composed of epithelial cells, delimit the frontier between the external environment and the inside of complex organisms. Therefore, epithelial cells cover the surface of the body (e.g. skin) and line internal cavities of organs (found in the intestine, liver, lungs, etc). An important function of epithelia is to selectively transport specific molecules to adjust the chemical composition of the different compartments of the body. This function relies on the asymmetric distribution of many cellular constituents, a structural organization referred to as epithelial polarity. The polarized architecture of epithelial cells is also required to maintain tissue homeostasis, as loss of epithelial polarity is associated with cancer and blindness. Mechanisms linking polarity defects with progression of cancer and loss of sight are still poorly understood. We have previously identified genes important for the establishment and maintenance of epithelial cell polarity. Mutations in these genes result in tumor formation and are associated with retinal collapse. The aim of our research program is to delineate the mechanisms by which these genes control the normal physiology of epithelial cells and define how alteration of their function contribute to cancer progression and sightlessness. By doing so, our research program will further define the normal functioning of epithelial cells and identify potential therapeutic targets to fight cancer of epithelial origin and blindness.