Grant: Project Grant

Cesarean delivery is the most common surgical procedure in Canada, and its use has increased steadily over time. In British Columbia (BC), cesarean delivery rates are among the highest in the country, with more than 40% of births now occurring by cesarean. While cesarean delivery can be life-saving when medically necessary, it is major surgery and may be associated with short- and long-term risks for mothers and babies, particularly when repeated in future pregnancies. The reasons for rising cesarean delivery rates are not fully understood. Possible contributors include changes in maternal health (such as older maternal age and higher rates of obesity), pregnancy complications, evolving clinical practices, and an increase in cesarean delivery without a clear medical indication. Understanding why cesarean delivery rates continue to rise is essential for improving maternal and newborn care. This study will analyze population-based data on births in BC over two decades to examine trends in primary and repeat cesarean delivery. We will assess maternal and newborn health outcomes associated with cesarean delivery, including complications during and after pregnancy, as well as health service use following birth. We will also examine cesarean delivery on maternal request to better understand its frequency and associated outcomes. The results of this research will provide evidence to support patients, clinicians, and policymakers in making informed decisions, improving obstetric care, and promoting the health and well-being of mothers and babies in BC and across Canada.