Grant: Discovery Grants Program - Individual

Plate tectonic theory provides a framework for understanding geologic processes that cycle material through Earth systems, and explains why earthquakes are localized along plate boundaries. It does not however, adequately explain tectonic processes in the interior of continents.Modern geodetic data show continental interiors are actively deforming, indicating tectonic activity is not limited to active plate boundaries. Variation of lithospheric strength is an important factor controlling the localization of deformation in continental interiors, and raises the key question: how do the mechanical properties of the lithosphere change during tectonic activity and time?Extraction of this temporal and thermal information on geologic systems requires understanding the interplay of physical processes determining the thermal structure of the lithosphere. The quantitative study of the thermal history of rocks using temperature-sensitive radiometric methods is called thermochronology, and involves dating the time at which a mineral passes through a specific closure temperature. Understanding how isotopes respond to temperature and deformation will provide new insights into the thermomechanical state of the lithosphere.In this grant cycle, I will study physicochemical factors affecting the mobility of isotopes in rocks to address the interplay between fracture and flow during deformation in the lower crust. Dramatic changes in mechanical rock property take place in this crustal region by increased pressure, temperature, and fluid activity.I hypothesize the diffusional redistribution of isotopes in a geologic system can take place under dry, static conditions, which has implications for diffusion rates and for determining the duration of thermal events. With these data, the bulk strength and dynamics of the lithosphere will be assessed by considering, in time and space, the interplay between brittle and ductile models. These potential interactions will be explored through several projects involving field and laboratory investigation with highly qualified personnel (HQP).The superbly exposed rocks in the Musgrave Ranges (Australia) and Bergen Arcs (Norway) are chosen as natural laboratories providing a unique insight into the development of lower crustal shear zones and allow models for lower crustal deformation to be evaluated critically. Although the host granulite (dry rock) of these two areas are similar, they differ in that the shear zones are dry in the Musgrave Ranges and wet in the Bergen Arcs.Results of this program are anticipated to yield both regional and widespread benefits for our country, such as developing the economic independence of Nunavut through improved access to traditional commodities like carving stone, and ensuring Canada's mineral exploration and extraction capabilities are able to excel in a competitive global marketplace.