Grant: Project Grant

Periodontitis is a chronic gum disease that damages the structures supporting the teeth, potentially leading to severe tooth loss if untreated. Periodontitis arises from the activity of harmful bacterial biofilms on tooth surfaces. Among these bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis plays a key role in disrupting the oral microbiome, shifting it into a disease-causing state. P. gingivalis uses fimbriae-hair-like structures on its surface-to attach to host tissues and other bacteria within biofilms. These fimbriae are critical for the bacterium's ability to invade and colonize the subgingival pockets located between the gums and teeth. Our research aims to understand the structure and assembly of these fimbriae, as well as their role in enhancing the virulence of P. gingivalis by providing mechanical support and a foundation for attachment. Using advanced techniques like cryo-electron microscopy and computational modeling accompanied by functional characterization in the bacteria, we will explore the molecular processes that allow P. gingivalis to form biofilms and evade our immune system. Our findings will guide the development of new antimicrobial therapies that specifically target fimbriae, offering more effective strategies to prevent and treat periodontitis. This research is vital since periodontitis is linked to other serious health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. By addressing the underlying causes of periodontitis, our study could significantly improve both oral and overall health outcomes for diverse populations.