Grant: Research Tools and Instruments - Category 1 (<$150,000)

The Bruker D8 Discover micro X-ray diffractometer (CFI 2001) in Earth Sciences at Western was the first of its kind in an Ontario University. Its accessibility makes it unique in Canada. Micro X-ray diffraction (µXRD) enables in situ characterization of individual phases in heterogeneous materials on a grain-by-grain basis (50-500 µm beam), to obtain crystal structural information from solid materials in situ, regardless of size, shape, or complexity of the sample. This instrument has application for materials characterization in Earth Sciences, Chemistry, Planetary Science, Materials Science and Engineering. It is still productive, however, it is badly in need of maintenance and upgrades or it will cease to operate. The X-ray tube and Gobel mirror parallel optics system are in critical need of replacement, and the detector requires a 'regas'. NSERC RTI funds are requested to 1) replace the existing, aging Cu source with a Co source, to enable collection of high quality data for iron-rich samples, and 2) replace the existing, corroded 40 mm Gobel mirror with a sealed 60 mm Gobel mirror configured for Co, 3) upgrade the software and add an additional license, 4) regas the GADDS area detector. Co radiation will improve the quality of data collected for iron-containing samples, which is important for projects herein and for examination of many natural and synthetic materials. Continued operation of the µXRD is critical to Flemming's research and impacts several other groups at Western. Flemming's ongoing projects include in situ study of meteorite mineralogy and shock state, to determine their origin and history, and investigation of kimberlite indicator minerals, for potential use in diamond exploration. Co-applicants are utilizing the in situ capabilities of the µXRD to study mineralogical evidence for ancient microbial inhabitation of rocks (Banerjee), the role of microbes in ore formation (Southam), macroscopic preservation of fossils (Tsujita), and shock state of impacted Earth materials at Haughton crater (Devon Island, NU) (Osinski). Technological materials under investigation include nanowires for fuel cell technology (Sun) and corrosion products affecting nuclear waste storage (Shoesmith and Wren). HQP have wide expertise.