Grant: Research Tools and Instruments - Category 1 (<$150,000)

How the brain regulates behavior can be studied using animal models, which require specialized equipment for training experimental subjects. Operant conditioning chambers which were developed for this purpose can be configured for use in many different behavioral paradigms. For example, chambers can be equipped with auditory and visual stimuli that function as 'cues' to signal the occurrence of salient 'appetitive' events, such as the delivery of sucrose for oral consumption. Subjects rapidly learn to associate the cue with sucrose and will make stereotypical responses to the cue that can be measured to assess learning. Such models have enabled substantial progress in our understanding of the neural systems that are required for this form of learning. However, a cue that predicts a positive outcome can acquire a new meaning if the expected outcome is withheld. In this event subjects will gradually learn to inhibit responding to the cue. Surprisingly, little is known about how the brain regulates this form of highly adaptive 'new' learning.' My research program, for which a system of operant conditioning chambers is needed, will study the neural pathways that are needed to inhibit responding to cues that no longer predict positive outcomes. We will use behavioral models of learning in combination with other sophisticated techniques to probe underlying neural circuits. This research direction is highly unique and innovative, as very few laboratories study the neural basis of this type of learning in animal models of 'appetitive' learning. Given the dearth of information available on this topic, this program of study will contribute towards positioning Canada as an international leader in research on learning and memory.