Grant: Project Grant

It has been known for some time that people experiencing obesity and adult onset diabetes have "chronic sub-clinical inflammation", a state of low-level but constant inflammation. This inflammation is thought to drive downstream abnormalities (like poor insulin function) that eventually result in high blood sugar levels. Recently, adipose (fat) tissue has been identified as the site where this inflammatory process is initiated. Identifying strategies to dampen inflammation in fat tissue would have important clinical and public health benefits. A small number of studies have suggested that omega-3 oils (from fish, fax seed and canola) may directly improve inflammation in fat tissue. However, available data are very limited. In the present project, we propose to embark on a more comprehensive study of the impact of omega-3 fats and their yet to be identified downstream metabolites on adipose tissue inflammation using data from the PROMISE cohort, a longitudinal study of participants in Ontario at risk of metabolic disease who have had detailed measures of adiposity, fatty acids and diabetes parameters. In parallel, we will conduct detailed experiments in human adipose tissue samples to better understand basic biological mechanisms. The results of this project will provide valuable information regarding the potential for omega-3 fatty acids to correct early disorders that can lead to diabetes and heart disease.