Grant: Research Tools and Instruments

Critical Point Dryer (CPD): Electron microscopy enables us to see materials that are "invisible" to the naked eye. For example, nanophase minerals attached to the outer surface of bacterial cells can be observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. To see objects at this scale, adequate sample preparation is required. Geomicrobiological samples, e.g., biofilms, are complex materials containing organic (bacteria) and inorganic (minerals) components. An automated CPD is a specialized instrument used to prepare biological materials using established and effective methods. A CPD preserves delicate cellular structures without changing the chemistry of minerals. For geomicrobiology research, this allows for high-resolution structural characterization using SEM, which is important for understanding how microbes interact with minerals. Supporting diverse research at Western University: A CPD was previously available through the Integrated Microscopy facility in the Biotron. This essential equipment served the SEM sample preparation needs of many researchers across biology, chemistry, engineering, medical/dental science, Earth science for nearly 40 years. Additionally, other analytical facilities at Western University (Surface Science Western and Nanofabrication Laboratory) are dependent on CPD capacities to meet the analytical requests of industrial clients. This CPD is outdated, no longer operational, and requires replacement as no other instrument is available at the university or the greater London area. A new CPD will support geomicrobiology research in biofilm structure and mineralization (Shuster); additionally, the primary and major use of the new CPD will be directed towards other NSERC-funded research in the natural sciences and engineering at Western University. Based on previous CPD usage at Biotron, twelve additional research groups across Western University have benefited from this essential equipment. Anticipated outcomes include findings that would interest the public and would be published in peer-reviewed journal, which could have impact on government policies. Outcomes from research facilities dependent on CPD capacities would include future development of academic-industrial partnerships in research and HQP training. Benefits to research and Canada: For any research seeking to integrate SEM analysis, proper sample preparation is crucial because it ensures that sound interpretations can be made from the data. Sample preparation as a training activity, provides HQP with opportunities to learn practical laboratory skills, which would directly prepare them for careers in academic, government, or industrial research. The modern work environment, especially in Canada, seeks employees with soft skills. SEM sample preparation enables HQP to think critically and creatively. These skills can be translated to other aspects of their work and lives.