Grant: Project Grant

In Canada, the three most common stigmatized identities for adolescents are those based on gender, race/ethnicity and sexuality. Discrimination based on these stigmatized identities (i.e., sexism, racism, and homophobia) increases individual level risk for depressive symptoms and problematic substance use. Not all youth who experience these kinds of discrimination, however, are at risk for depressive symptoms and substance use. This project focuses on externalizing behaviour and social support as two key risk and resilience processes to better understand variation in the consequences of discrimination. This project has two objectives. The first is to use quantitative methods to explore if the links between sexism, racism, and homophobia and depressive symptoms and substance use are mitigated or exacerbated by social support and externalizing behaviour, respectively. This objective will be tested using secondary data analyses with four existing datasets. The second objective employs a mixed-methods approach to examine how sex and gender shape the link between externalizing behaviours and social support and depressive symptom and substance use outcomes. Quantitative analyses with a longitudinal dataset will be complimented with qualitative interviews of 48 youth who will speak to how their gender and sexual identities shape how they are treated by others, and the consequences of this discrimination for their health and wellbeing. The findings have clinical implications for (1) identifying pockets of vulnerability among youth experiencing discrimination, (2) understanding how social support can be used to protect youth against the consequences of discrimination, and (3) focusing intervention efforts on addressing discrimination among youth with externalizing problems. This project provides a practical framework for addressing the impact of discrimination by identifying factors that serve to augment or mitigate its consequences.