Grant: Applied Research and Development Grants - Level 2

The installation of fenestration products in opaque wall assemblies can pose a significant challenge when considering the continuity of thermal, air, moisture vapour, and moisture across the connection of the two building envelope assemblies. This critical juncture has been the subject of some research, most notably by Lacasse and Armstrong through the National Research Council of Canada's Institute for Research in Construction. While the research was beneficial, changes in federal funding towards research did not permit completion of the research. Furthermore, there remains questions around regional installation practices and possibilities of discovering innovative, yet economical, installation practices that increase building sustainability and durability. Current knowledge of building science principles and application lead many design professionals, manufacturers, and trades to rely on assumed best practices or outdated installation methods.This research project endeavours to discover possible benefits of sloped sills and back dams, pressure equalization control within the window drainage path, importance of insulation between the opaque wall and fenestration product for condensation and heat loss control, and apply the results to develop cost effective and easily repeatable field installation methods. The research continues on the work of Lacasse and Armstrong, but also aims to develop a regional focus on extreme cold climate conditions. This is an area overlooked by many window installation guides that typically focus on aggressive moisture management methods. In cold climates, air leakage and heat transfer take precedent over high exposure to moisture, but does not diminish the importance of moisture management. The research will examine a maximum of eighteen (18) window installation methods, simulating typical residential construction practices and materials. The test specimens will endure air and water infiltration testing, along with examining heat transfer through thermal testing and computer simulation. Extensive use of data acquisition and visual documentation will provide a comprehensive dataset to analyze and develop conclusions and recommendations. Observations, conclusions, and recommendations gained through the duration of the project will help inform development of recommended window installation methods to industry, Technical reporting in detailed and more easily digestible formats, and help educate future professionals in skilled trades and technology programs. The results of the proposed research can benefit both the industry and the nation by expanding the collective knowledge on improved construction methods, contribute new construction methods to decrease cost, improve durability and sustainability of the built environment, and train emerging industry professionals and veterans alike.