Grant: Discovery Grants Program - Individual

In my Neuroethology & Bioacoustics Facility at Carleton University we study the acoustic sensory `worlds' of insects. Insects have an amazing diversity of sensory organs that detect sounds and vibrations extending far beyond human sensory capabilities. We employ specialized methods to tap into these communication channels and identify novel sensory organs. This NSERC funded program has supported cutting edge, internationally recognized discoveries, including ultra-sound sensitive ears in nocturnal butterflies, acoustic `rap-battles' in caterpillars, and vibration-mediated escape in earthworms. This proposal focuses on acoustic communication in butterflies, caterpillars and bark beetles. BUTTERFLIES are important models for research on animal behaviour, conservation and climate change. While their visual and chemosensory systems have been studied, little is understood about their hearing. We discovered that many butterflies have ears on their wings. We will now address a key question: `Why do butterflies have ears?' We will test the hypothesis that ears function as `predator detectors', either by detecting sounds of an attacking predator (e.g. bird flight), or eavesdropping on predator calls. We will also investigate how ears are specialized to detect and localize biologically relevant sounds. This research will provide novel insights into the sensory worlds of butterflies and other insects. CATERPILLARS are of significant ecological and economic importance to Canada, yet, fundamental questions about how these insects interact with their environment remain unanswered. We conducted pioneering research on acoustic communication in caterpillars, showing how acoustic signals and cues are used to avoid predators, detect weather changes, and communicate. We will now investigate how caterpillars sense air- and solid-borne vibrations, and the mechanisms used to form and maintain social groups. This research will expand our insights into the communication systems of all larval insects, including those of honeybees, flies and beetles. BARK BEETLES, including the mountain pine and elm beetles, impose significant threats to Canadian forests. We discovered that many species engage in acoustic interactions on and beneath the tree bark. We will test hypotheses on the functions of acoustic signals in both the adults and juveniles, and aim to discover their acoustic sensors. This research will advance our knowledge of acoustic communication in forest pests. Research on insect acoustic communication contributes to the fields of animal behaviour, neuroscience, entomology and environmental science. Practical applications include inspiration for developing miniature acoustic sensors, and strategies for pest management and conservation practices. Importantly, this research will provide HQP with specialized training, preparing them for careers in Forestry, Agricultural Entomology, Engineering, Education, and Environmental and Health Sciences.