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Program directory · Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada

Indigenous Institutional Development and Land Management

Program code
BWM10 (INAC)
Core responsibility
Crown-Indigenous Relations
In Departmental Plans
2018-19 – 2026-27 · New since an earlier plan

What it does

This Program contributes to the development of strong First Nations governance and capacity and provides them with options to exercise jurisdiction, control and management over their own affairs and resources and pursue economic development activities.

With the support of Indigenous institutional partners (Lands Advisory Board, First Nation Land Management Resource Centre), CIRNAC continues to remove barriers for First Nations that decide to opt-out of sections of the Indian Act relating to land management and participate in alternative legislative regimes to exercise their own jurisdiction and lawmaking authority. CIRNAC and Indigenous institutions are working together with First Nations to develop the tools they need to drive local economic development, empower their communities, and promote prosperity.

CIRNAC , in collaboration with First Nations-led institutions (First Nations Tax Commission, First Nations Financial Management Board, First Nations Finance Authority, and First Nations Infrastructure Institute), is providing legislative and institutional frameworks for First Nation’s jurisdiction over local taxation, financial management, and infrastructure, as well as provides First Nations with access to long-term and affordable financing. Through this approach, the Program affirms the inherent right of Indigenous Peoples to make decisions about their development, thereby contributing to Indigenous self-determination.

Source: the department's Program Inventory, via GC InfoBase.

History and lineage

First appears in GC InfoBase's actual spending by program in 2018-19. The data does not record when a program was created; it may be older than its first appearance here, which is limited by the sources (program spending starts in 2010-11, Departmental Plans in 2018-19).

2018-192019-202020-212021-222022-232023-242024-252025-262026-272027-282028-29Indigenous Institutional Development and Land Management 2018-19: $68.2MIndigenous Institutional Development and Land Management 2019-20: $63.5MIndigenous Institutional Development and Land Management 2020-21: $51.6MIndigenous Institutional Development and Land Management 2021-22: $73.6MIndigenous Institutional Development and Land Management 2022-23: $44.2MIndigenous Institutional Development and Land Management 2023-24: $64.5MIndigenous Institutional Development and Land Management 2024-25: $62MIndigenous Institutional Development and Land Management 2025-26: $57.9MIndigenous Institutional Development and Land Management 2026-27: $51.5MIndigenous Institutional Development and Land Management 2027-28: $33.8MIndigenous Institutional Development and Land Management 2028-29: $33.8MIndigenous Institutional Development and Land ManagementFirst Nation Jurisdiction …First Nation Jurisdiction over Land and Fiscal ManagementIndigenous In…
Bars: spending by fiscal year (dark: actual; light: actual restated on the 2017-18 program structure; outlined: the latest plan's forecast; grey: related programs). Bands: each program in the lineage over the years it has data. The line at the bottom shows this program's names over time.
ProgramRelationYears with dataActual spending over those years
Indigenous Institutional Development and Land ManagementThis program2018-19 – 2028-29$428M

No earlier or later program in the same department has a similar name.

Significant changes in scope and budget

Detected from the data: renames between plans, programs it appears to replace, merge with or split into (matched by name), year-over-year changes in spending of at least 25% and $5M, or in employees of at least 20% and 25 FTEs, linked budget measures, and results indicators added or dropped.

YearWhat changedSource
2019-20Employees (FTEs) 11, against 39 in 2018-19 (−72%).FTEs (GC InfoBase)
2020-21Employees (FTEs) 54, against 11 in 2019-20 (+391%).FTEs (GC InfoBase)
2020-21Renamed from “First Nation Jurisdiction over Land and Economic Development” to “First Nation Jurisdiction over Land and Fiscal Management”.GC InfoBase program names by year
2021-22Spending $73.6M, against $51.6M in 2020-21 (+43%).Actual spending (GC InfoBase)
2022-23Spending $44.2M, against $73.6M in 2021-22 (−40%).Actual spending (GC InfoBase)
2023-24Spending $64.5M, against $44.2M in 2022-23 (+46%).Actual spending (GC InfoBase)
2026-27Indicators added: Number of additions to reserves completedDepartmental Results Framework (GC InfoBase)
2026-27Indicators dropped: Percentage of First Nations adopting alternatives to the Indian ActDepartmental Results Framework (GC InfoBase)
2026-27Renamed from “First Nation Jurisdiction over Land and Fiscal Management” to “Indigenous Institutional Development and Land Management”.GC InfoBase program names by year
2027-28Planned spending $33.8M, against $51.5M in 2026-27 (−34%).Latest Departmental Plan

Success criteria

The program's indicators from its department's Departmental Results Framework: the target set in each year's plan, and the result reported the following year. Source: GC InfoBase.

Historical: targets against results

Percentage of First Nations adopting alternatives to the Indian Act
Expected result: Acts and schedules are amended and regulations developed
50%2018-19✓ met53%2019-20✗ not met56%2020-21✓ met58.4%2021-22✗ not met68%2022-23✓ met70.2%2023-24✓ met71.3%2024-25✗ not met

Bars: result reported. Dashed line: target.

Report yearTargetDueResultStatus
2018-19≥ 49%201950%Met
2019-20≥ 54%202053%
The COVID-19 pandemic slowed down the pace of the addition of First Nations to the schedule of the First Nations to the Fiscal Management Act. Two amendments that were in process at year end were put on hold.
Not met
2020-21≥ 55%202156%Met
2021-22≥ 61.2%202258.4%
Delays in adding First Nations to the schedule of the First Nations Fiscal Management Act affected the amount of First Nations adopting alternatives to the Indian Act.
Not met
2022-23≥ 61%202368%
The target should read 61%.
Met
2023-24≥ 61.2%202470.2%
Note: the denominator for this indicator was updated in 2022-23 to reflect the total number of First Nations who are recognized under the Indian Act as bands, and therefore exclude First Nations that have signed a self-government agreement. This resulted in a slightly higher increase to the annual percentage than in previous years.
Met
2024-25≥ 71.5%202571.3%
Uptake from First Nations has been slightly slower than expected, and some of the First Nations that chose to opt into the land or fiscal management regime in 2024–25 were already participating in the other regime, and as such did not increase the total percentage of First Nations adopting alternatives to the Indian Act.
Not met

Current: the 2026-27 plan's targets

Number of additions to reserves completed
Expected result: Land is added to new or existing reserves
Report yearTargetDueResultStatus
2026-27Not applicable2027—Planned

Future goals: targets due after 2026-27

No targets with a later due date.

Spending and employees: planned against actual

Spending

2018-19: $53.3M2018-19: $68.2M2018-192019-20: $88.4M2019-20: $63.5M2019-202020-21: $26.7M2020-21: $51.6M2020-212021-22: $26.9M2021-22: $73.6M2021-222022-23: $29.7M2022-23: $44.2M2022-232023-24: $53.1M2023-24: $64.5M2023-242024-25: $62.7M2024-25: $62M2024-252025-26: $57.9M2025-262026-27: $51.5M2026-272027-28: $33.8M2027-282028-29: $33.8M2028-29
Outlined bar: planned in that year's Departmental Plan (dashed: the latest plan, for years not yet reported). Filled bar: actual.
Show the numbers
Fiscal yearPlannedActual
2018-19$53.3M$68.2M
2019-20$88.4M$63.5M
2020-21$26.7M$51.6M
2021-22$26.9M$73.6M
2022-23$29.7M$44.2M
2023-24$53.1M$64.5M
2024-25$62.7M$62M
2025-26$57.9M—
2026-27$51.5M—
2027-28$33.8M*—
2028-29$33.8M*—

Employees (FTEs)

2018-19: 402018-19: 392018-192019-20: 412019-20: 112019-202020-21: 122020-21: 542020-212021-22: 482021-22: 502021-222022-23: 642022-23: 602022-232023-24: 572023-24: 492023-242024-25: 542024-25: 512024-252025-26: 402025-262026-27: 292026-272027-28: 292027-282028-29: 292028-29
Outlined bar: planned in that year's Departmental Plan (dashed: the latest plan, for years not yet reported). Filled bar: actual.
Show the numbers
Fiscal yearPlannedActual
2018-194039
2019-204111
2020-211254
2021-224850
2022-236460
2023-245749
2024-255451
2025-2640—
2026-2729—
2027-2829*—
2028-2929*—

Planned spending, plan by plan

Each row is one year's Departmental Plan and its forecast for the next three fiscal years; read a column down to see how the forecast for one year changed. The last row is what was actually spent. Click an amount for its source. Biggest changes in federal spending plans

Actual spending is from Departmental Results Reports and the Public Accounts, as published in GC InfoBase. FTEs are full-time equivalents.