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Explore our Budget 2026 analysis

Program directory · Transport Canada

Climate Change and Clean Air

Program code
BTX01 (TC)
Core responsibility
Green and Innovative Transportation System
In Departmental Plans
2018-19 – 2026-27 · New since an earlier plan

What it does

The impacts of climate change, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollution are among this century’s greatest challenges. Some of our Program’s responsibilities include:

• developing, strengthening and overseeing compliance with policies, voluntary agreements, regulations, and action plans aimed at reducing Canada’s GHG emissions and air contaminants from the transportation sector;

• collaborating with other federal partners to reduce air pollutants and GHG emissions;

• delivering programs to improve the health of Canadians and the environment by reducing emissions through the accelerated adoption of new clean transportation technologies, including light-duty Zero Emission Vehicle incentives; Medium and Heavy-Duty Vehicle incentives; and, promoting green shipping corridors;

• advancing clean technology transportation research, development and demonstration in the aviation, marine and rail sectors; and

• strengthening the transportation sector’s resilience to climate impacts by partnering with various departments, jurisdictions and stakeholders to address climate risks across Canada’s transportation systems.

Source: the department's Program Inventory, via GC InfoBase.

History and lineage

First appears in GC InfoBase's actual spending by program in 2018-19. The data does not record when a program was created; it may be older than its first appearance here, which is limited by the sources (program spending starts in 2010-11, Departmental Plans in 2018-19).

2018-192019-202020-212021-222022-232023-242024-252025-262026-272027-282028-29Climate Change and Clean Air 2018-19: $20.3MClimate Change and Clean Air 2019-20: $208MClimate Change and Clean Air 2020-21: $182MClimate Change and Clean Air 2021-22: $289MClimate Change and Clean Air 2022-23: $294MClimate Change and Clean Air 2023-24: $723MClimate Change and Clean Air 2024-25: $1.22BClimate Change and Clean Air 2025-26: $354MClimate Change and Clean Air 2026-27: $524MClimate Change and Clean Air 2027-28: $418MClimate Change and Clean Air 2028-29: $407MClimate Change and Clean Air
Bars: spending by fiscal year (dark: actual; light: actual restated on the 2017-18 program structure; outlined: the latest plan's forecast; grey: related programs). Bands: each program in the lineage over the years it has data.
ProgramRelationYears with dataActual spending over those years
Climate Change and Clean AirThis program2018-19 – 2028-29$2.93B

No earlier or later program in the same department has a similar name.

Significant changes in scope and budget

Detected from the data: renames between plans, programs it appears to replace, merge with or split into (matched by name), year-over-year changes in spending of at least 25% and $5M, or in employees of at least 20% and 25 FTEs, linked budget measures, and results indicators added or dropped.

YearWhat changedSource
2019-20Spending $208M, against $20.3M in 2018-19 (+924%).Actual spending (GC InfoBase)
2021-22Indicators added: Percentage of new light-duty vehicle sales that are zero-emission vehiclesDepartmental Results Framework (GC InfoBase)
2021-22Indicators dropped: Percentage of projects that are on time, on scope and on budget; The percentage of the total research budget for scientific, technical or socio-economic research projects, committed or spentDepartmental Results Framework (GC InfoBase)
2021-22Spending $289M, against $182M in 2020-21 (+59%).Actual spending (GC InfoBase)
2023-24Indicators added: Percentage of new medium and heavy-duty vehicle sales that are zero-emission vehiclesDepartmental Results Framework (GC InfoBase)
2023-24Spending $723M, against $294M in 2022-23 (+146%).Actual spending (GC InfoBase)
2024-25Spending $1.22B, against $723M in 2023-24 (+68%).Actual spending (GC InfoBase)
2025-26Indicators added: Annual registrations of new electric and fuel-cell medium and heavy-duty vehicles as a percentage of total MHDV registrations; Percentage of new light-duty ZEVs registered in Canada of total new light-duty vehicle registrationsDepartmental Results Framework (GC InfoBase)
2025-26Indicators dropped: Percentage of new light-duty vehicle sales that are zero-emission vehicles; Percentage of new medium and heavy-duty vehicle sales that are zero-emission vehiclesDepartmental Results Framework (GC InfoBase)
2025-26Planned spending $354M, against $1.22B in 2024-25 (−71%).Latest Departmental Plan
2026-27Planned spending $524M, against $354M in 2025-26 (+48%).Latest Departmental Plan

Success criteria

The program's indicators from its department's Departmental Results Framework: the target set in each year's plan, and the result reported the following year. Source: GC InfoBase.

Historical: targets against results

Percentage of new light-duty vehicle sales that are zero-emission vehicles
Expected result: New light-duty ZEV registrations continue to move towards Canada’s sales target
5.6%2021-22✓ met8.9%2022-23✓ met11.7%2023-24✓ met15.4%2024-25✓ met

Bars: result reported. Dashed line: target.

Report yearTargetDueResultStatus
2021-22≥ 4.5%20225.6%Met
2022-23≥ 5.4%20228.9%Met
2023-24≥ 9.8%202411.7%
Light-duty zero-emission vehicles made up 11.7% of total new light-duty vehicle registrations in 2023. According to S&P Global Mobility (previously IHS Markit), a total of 186,291 light-duty zero-emission vehicles and 1,599,031 light-duty vehicles were sold in 2023 in Canada. To obtain the result, the number of light-duty zero-emission vehicles was divided by the total number of light-duty vehicl…
Met
2024-25≥ 9.8%202515.4%
Combined with other federal, provincial, and territorial measures, the iZEV Program helped Canada to reach a new light-duty EV market share of 15.4% in 2024, up from 3.1% in 2019, when the program was first launched.
Met
Percentage of projects that are on time, on scope and on budget
Expected result: Adaptation projects are effectively implemented
100%2020-21✓ met

Bars: result reported. Dashed line: target.

Report yearTargetDueResultStatus
2020-21≥ 100%2021100%
Northern Transportation Adaptation Initiative (NTAI) Grant & Contribution projects: 91%, all other projects: 100%. COVID-19 restrictions impacted NTAI Grant and Contribution projects negatively by limiting travel to project sites and procurement of goods and services.
Met
The percentage of the total research budget for scientific, technical or socio-economic research projects, committed or spent
Expected result: Scientific, technology and socio-economic research results and studies
100%2018-19– no result0%2019-20– no result100%2020-21✓ met

Bars: result reported. Dashed line: target.

Report yearTargetDueResultStatus
2018-19100% – 100%2019—
Clean Transportation System – Research and Development Program Transfer Payment Program: 0% (Due to delays in launching the Program’s 2018-19 Call for Proposals, Transport Canada did not spend any of CTS-RD’s grant funding in 2018-19. Transport Canada expects to spend this funding between fiscal years 2019-20 and 2021-22) Aviation: 99% of 2018-19 budget spent Innovation Centre: 100% of 2018-19 bu…
No result reported
2019-200% – 100%2020—
Aviation: 94.8% Transfer Payment: 29% Innovation Centre: 100%
No result reported
2020-2180% – 100%2021100%
Innovation Centre: 100 % Aviation: 76% - Due to the work environment created by the COVID-19 pandemic, we were not able to fund additional research projects in 2020-2021. CTS: 39% - The program experienced delays with the call for proposals launch due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As such, funding decisions that would have committed funds in 2020-2021 will not take place until 2021-2022.
Met

Current: the 2026-27 plan's targets

Percentage of new light-duty ZEVs registered in Canada of total new light-duty vehicle registrations
Expected result: New light-duty ZEV sales measured by registrations continue to move towards Canada’s sales target
Report yearTargetDueResultStatus
2026-27Target and end date removed following the September 5, 2025 elimination of the 2026 EV Availability Standard target; ECCC is reviewing the Standard and will add a new indicator once revised targets are set.2027—Planned

Future goals: targets due after 2026-27

Annual registrations of new electric and fuel-cell medium and heavy-duty vehicles as a percentage of total MHDV registrations
Expected result: Increased sales, measured by registrations of medium and heavy-duty zero-emission vehicles
35%2026-27

Bars: result reported. Dashed line: target.

Report yearTargetDueResultStatus
2026-27≥ 35%2030—Planned

Spending and employees: planned against actual

Spending

2018-19: $26.3M2018-19: $20.3M2018-192019-20: $23.2M2019-20: $208M2019-202020-21: $85.8M2020-21: $182M2020-212021-22: $252M2021-22: $289M2021-222022-23: $114M2022-23: $294M2022-232023-24: $677M2023-24: $723M2023-242024-25: $673M2024-25: $1.22B2024-252025-26: $354M2025-262026-27: $524M2026-272027-28: $418M2027-282028-29: $407M2028-29
Outlined bar: planned in that year's Departmental Plan (dashed: the latest plan, for years not yet reported). Filled bar: actual.
Show the numbers
Fiscal yearPlannedActual
2018-19$26.3M$20.3M
2019-20$23.2M$208M
2020-21$85.8M$182M
2021-22$252M$289M
2022-23$114M$294M
2023-24$677M$723M
2024-25$673M$1.22B
2025-26$354M—
2026-27$524M—
2027-28$418M*—
2028-29$407M*—

Employees (FTEs)

2018-19: 932018-19: 802018-192019-20: 852019-20: 832019-202020-21: 982020-21: 952020-212021-22: 962021-22: 932021-222022-23: 1022022-23: 1082022-232023-24: 1292023-24: 1262023-242024-25: 1452024-25: 1302024-252025-26: 1332025-262026-27: 1252026-272027-28: 1172027-282028-29: 1162028-29
Outlined bar: planned in that year's Departmental Plan (dashed: the latest plan, for years not yet reported). Filled bar: actual.
Show the numbers
Fiscal yearPlannedActual
2018-199380
2019-208583
2020-219895
2021-229693
2022-23102108
2023-24129126
2024-25145130
2025-26133—
2026-27125—
2027-28117*—
2028-29116*—

Planned spending, plan by plan

Each row is one year's Departmental Plan and its forecast for the next three fiscal years; read a column down to see how the forecast for one year changed. The last row is what was actually spent. Click an amount for its source. Biggest changes in federal spending plans

Actual spending is from Departmental Results Reports and the Public Accounts, as published in GC InfoBase. FTEs are full-time equivalents.